What are side effects of hyperosmotic diuretic agents for glaucoma management?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Dehydration is contraindicated in renal or heart disease
• C. Hypertension
• D. Weight gain

Answer: (B)

Hyperosmotic diuretics used for glaucoma lower intraocular pressure by pulling fluid from tissues into the bloodstream and then out through the kidneys, which leads to rapid fluid loss. The key adverse effect to watch for is dehydration from that diuresis, often accompanied by electrolyte shifts. In people with kidney failure or heart disease, losing too much fluid can worsen kidney perfusion and precipitate low blood pressure or heart failure, making dehydration a serious safety concern. That safety angle—dehydration being especially problematic in renal or heart disease—is why this statement is the best match. Hypertension and weight gain aren’t typical side effects of these drugs in this context, so they’re less relevant to the question.